Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease — Leading Cause of Mortality

Course Objectives:
This CME activity is intended for nephrologists, primary care physicians, and healthcare practitioners who treat patients with CKD.

Upon completing this CME-certified monograph, you should be able to:

1. Identify the risk factors that contribute to CVD and mortality in CKD patients.
2. Understand the consequences of vascular calcification and loss of elasticity and how these factors lead to CVD and mortality in CKD patients.
3. Discuss how the proper management of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in CKD improves mineral metabolism, vascular elasticity, and inflammation that contribute to enhanced cardiovascular risk in these patients.
4. Review therapeutic measures that reduce cardiovascular risk factors in CKD patients and lead to improved survival outcomes.

Accreditation:
This activity was reviewed for relevance, accuracy of content, balance of presentation, and time required for participation by Mark A. Gendreau, MD, MS; Alexandra Mangili, MD, MPH; and Paula Brathwaite, MD.

Release Date: June 2008
Expiration Date: June 30, 2009

Millennium CME Institute, Inc., is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

Millennium CME Institute, Inc., designates this CME-certified monograph for a maximum of 0.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

© 2008 Millennium CME Institute, Inc. All rights reserved including translation into other languages. No part of this activity may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from Millennium CME Institute, Inc.

Faculty Disclosure:
Expert Commentary
Peter A. McCullough, MD, MPH, FACC, FACP, FAHA, FCCP, Clinical Professor, Oakland University School of Allied Health Sciences, Chief, Divisions of Cardiology, Nutrition and Preventive Medicine William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan

Medical Reviewer
Mark A. Gendreau, MD, MS, Senior Staff Physician, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts

Planning Committee
Tim I. Robinson, President,
Millennium CME Institute, Inc., Hampton, New Hampshire

Peter B. Lindgren, PhD, Clinical Affairs Specialist
Millennium CME Institute, Inc., Hampton, New Hampshire

Frank A. Gesek, PhD, RPh, Clinical Affairs Specialist
Millennium CME Institute, Inc., Hampton, New Hampshire

Disclaimer

The opinions expressed in this activity are those of the faculty. It should not be inferred or assumed that they are expressing the views of Abbott, any other manufacturer of pharmaceuticals, or Millennium CME Institute, Inc. The drug selection and dosage information presented in this activity are believed to be accurate. However, participants are urged to consult the full prescribing information on any agent(s) presented in this activity for recommended dosage, indications, contraindications, warnings, precautions, and adverse effects before prescribing any medication. This is particularly important when a drug is new or infrequently prescribed.

Disclosure of Significant Relationships with Relevant Commercial Companies/Organizations
Millennium CME Institute, Inc., endorses the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) Standards for Commercial Support. All faculty are required to disclose any commercial relationships or personal benefit with companies whose products are discussed in educational presentations and with companies who have provided the commercial support for this activity. Disclosure of a relationship is not intended to suggest or condone bias in any presentation, but is made to provide participants with information that might be of potential importance to their evaluation of a presentation.

The faculty listed below have declared that they have no relationships to disclose:
Alexandra Mangili, MD, MPH
Paula Brathwaite, MD
Mark A. Gendreau, MD
Tim I. Robinson
Peter B. Lindgren, PhD
Frank A. Gesek, PhD, RPh

The faculty listed below have declared the following arrangements and/or affiliations:
Peter A. McCullough, MD, MPH: Speaker: Abbott

Signed disclosure forms are on file at Millennium CME Institute, Inc.

Off-label Usage Disclosure
This multimedia CME activity does not contain information on commercial products/devices that are unlabeled for use or investigational uses of products not yet approved.

Directions:
The participant should read the learning objectives and review the activity in its entirety. After reviewing the material, the participant should complete the Activity Self-assessment Test consisting of a series of multiple-choice questions. Upon successfully completing this activity as designed and achieving a passing score of 70% or higher on the Activity Self-assessment Test, participants will receive a continuing education credit letter awarding the appropriate credit and the Activity Self-assessment Test answers four to six weeks after the receipt of the registration and evaluation materials.

Estimated time to complete this CME-certified monograph as designed is 0.5 hours.

CME Testing Options